Ḓivhazwakale ya Rulete
Ḓivhazwakale ya rulete i pfuka nga kha tshiedzo tsha fiziki tsho kundaho, ṱhanga ya mitambo ya Paris, vhakomana vhavhili kha ḓorobo ya maḓi a u lafha ya Dzhamani, na khasino ye ya ita uri buli ḽithihi ḽa muvhala wa tala ḽi vhe tshiṱandadi tsha Yurophu.
Phanḓa ha vhili
- 1654
Pascal na Fermat: thaidzo ya mapointi; ndeme yo lavhelelwaho.
Ndeme yo Lavhelelwaho kha Rulete - 1655Vhili ḽi si na ndivho
Blaise Pascal, a tshi khou ṱoḓa mutšhini u tshimbilaho tshoṱhe, u fhaṱa vhili ḽi monaho ḽo linganyiswaho zwavhuḓi. Mutšhini u a kundelwa; vhili ḽi sala sa tshishumiswa tshi sa kwashani nga maanḓa, tshi vhonalaho tshi tshi bveledza mvelelo dza khonadzeo.
Blaise Pascal: Lungano lwa Vhili ḽa Rulete - 1657
Huygens u gandisa bugu ya u thoma nga ha ndeme yo lavhelelwaho.
- 1713
Jakob Bernoulli, Ars Conjectandi: mulayo wa zwivhalo zwihulu.
U Swika kha Tshivhalo tsha Vhukati nga Tshifhinga Tshilapfu: Mulayo wa Zwivhalo Zwihulu kha Rulete - miṅwaha ya vhu-1740Roly-poly na E.O.
Nnḓu dza mitambo dza Ingilane dzi monisa mavhili a re na mabuli a linganaho na a sa linganiho. Mitambo iyi i thivhelwa lwo vhalaho, zwine zwa sundedza tshaka dzayo kha Yurophu.
Ndi Nnyi o Sikaho Rulete? Mathomo a Rulete - 1754
d’Alembert u gandisa vhukhakhi he nga murahu ha vhidzwa nga dzina ḽawe sa sisiṱeme.
Tshiṱirathedzhi tsha D'Alembert kha Rulete - 1758
New France (Quebec) i thivhela dayisi, hoca, faro na “roulette”: ṅwalo muthihi wa kale-kale wa dzina ḽeneḽi sa mutambo wa vhugembuli.
- miṅwaha ya vhu-1760
“Martingale” i dzhena kha dzithalusamaipfi dza Lufura sa ipfi ḽa vhagembuli.
Tshiṱirathedzhi tsha Martingale kha Rulete
Mutambo
- 1796Paris, Palais-Royal
Bugu ya Jaques Lablée ya La Roulette i ṱalutshedza vhili ḽi re na mabuli mavhili a khasino, 0 na 00, kha nnḓu ya mitambo i re Palais-Royal. Iyi ndi ṱhaluso ya kale-kale yo fhelelaho ya mutambo wa ṋamusi.
Rulete kha Mabuguni - miṅwaha ya vhu-1800
Mavhili a Amerika a engedza buli ḽa goni: nomboro tharu dza khasino.
Vhili na Milayo ya Rulete ya Amerika - 1837
Furantsi i thivhela dzikhasino; mutambo wa pfulutshela kha maḓi a u ḓilafha a Dzhamani.
- 1841
Vhakomana vha Blanc vha wana tendelo ya khasino ya Bad Homburg.
François Blanc - 1843Bad Homburg
François na Louis Blanc vha vula khasino kha ḓorobo ya maḓi a u lafha ya Dzhamani nahone vha bvisa ziro mbili. Vhili ḽa ziro nthihi ḽi fhungudza mbuelo ya khasino nga hafu nahone ḽa kokodza vhatambi u bva kha zwiṱoko zwiṅwe zwi ṱaṱisanaho.
Bad Homburg na Dzikhasino dza Ḓorobo dza Maḓi a Mutsho - 1863Monte Carlo
Musi u gembula ho no thivhelwa Dzhamani yoṱhe, Blanc u dzhia khasino ya Monaco ye ya vha i tshi khou kundelwa. Monte Carlo i vha tshiṱandadi tsha rulete ya Yurophu; ziro nthihi ndi tshiṱandadi tshayo.
Rulete ya Monte Carlo - 1866
Dostoevsky, The Gambler.
Roulettenburg ya Dostoevsky - 1868
Nḓila ya tshitimela u bva Nice u ya Monte Carlo.
Casino de Monte-Carlo - 1869
Monaco i fhelisa muthelo wa mbuelo.
- 1872
Prussia i vala dzikhasino dza Dzhamani.
Vhatambi na ndingo
- miṅwaha ya vhu-1870
Labouchère u ita uri sisiṱeme ya u khaulusa i ḓivhee London.
Tshiṱirathedzhi tsha Labouchère kha Rulete - nga ha 1880Vhili ḽa Jagger
Joseph Jagger, muṱhannga wa bindu ḽa maḽabi wa Yorkshire, u ita uri mavhili a Monte Carlo a ṅwalwe nahone a vhea bete kha nomboro dzi bvaho kanzhi u fhira zwo teaho. U kunda lupfumo luhulwane; khasino i pfulusa mavhili ayo, nga murahu ya a shandukisa.
Joseph Jagger: Tshiṱirathedzhi tsha Rulete kha ḽa Monte Carlo - 1891Munna we a fhedza tshelede ya khasino
Charles Wells u fhedza zwipisi zwa tafula lwo vhalaho kha maḓuvha a si gathi, zwa vha tshiitisi tsha luimbo lwa holo ya muzika. Ṱhoḓisiso a dzi wani sisiṱeme, fhedzi mashudu na, nga murahu, u fura huṅwe fhethu.
Munna we a Fhedza Tshelede ya Banga - 1900
Pearson u gandisa ndingo ya chi-square a tshi shumisa data ya mimono ya Monte Carlo.
Ndingo ya Chi-Square - 1907
Furantsi i dovha ya tendela dzikhasino kha ḓorobo dza maḓi a u ḓilafha na dza lwanzheni.
- 1913
Ntswu dza 26 dzo tevhekana kha Monte Carlo.
Vhukhakhi ha Mugembuli - 1931
Nevada i tendela vhugembuli ha khasino nga mulayo.
Mavhili a Rulete a Las Vegas - miṅwaha ya vhu-1940
Ulam na von Neumann vha ṋea maitele a Monte Carlo dzina.
- 1953
Fleming, Casino Royale: Bond u vhea bete kha dazini mbili kha rulete.
Tshiṱirathedzhi tsha James Bond kha Rulete - 1961
Thorp na Shannon vha fhaṱa khomphiyutha ya u thoma ya rulete i ambarwaho.
Khomphyutha dza Rulete - 1965
Dubins na Savage vha sumbedza uri u tamba nga tshivhindi ndi zwone zwavhuḓi kha mitambo i sa linganiho.
- 1969
Ṱhoḓisiso ya Thorp i ṱalutshedza uri ndi ngani hu si na sisiṱeme ya bete i kundaho mutambo une ndeme yo lavhelelwaho yawo ya vha fhasi ha ziro.
Ngano: Tshiṱirathedzhi tsha Rulete tshi Kundaho Tshifhinga Tshoṱhe - 1977–81
Khomphiyutha dzo dzumbiwaho dza Eudaemons ngei Nevada: fhasi ha khwapa nga 1978, ngomu ha tshienda nga 1981.
Vha Eudaemons - 1985
Nevada i ita uri zwishumiswa zwa u humbulela zwi vhe vhutshinyi. Bass u gandisa The Eudaemonic Pie.
U Fhura kha Rulete
Mutambo wa ano maḓuvha
- ḓana ḽa vhu-20U bva ḓoroboni dza maḓi a u lafha u ya zwikirini
Rulete i ya Las Vegas yo vhuedzedzwa ziro mbili, nga murahu kha dzitafula dza RNG dza inthanethi nga miṅwaha ya vhu-1990 na kha mavhili a situdio a phaḓaladzwaho tshifhinga tshi tshi khou ya nga miṅwaha ya vhu-2000.
Rulete ya Yurophu na ya Amerika - miṅwaha ya vhu-1990
Muṱa wa García-Pelayo u shumisa mavhili o kheluwaho tsini na Madrid; vha thivhelwa; khothe dzi fhelisa thivhelo (2004).
Gonzalo García-Pelayo: Sisiṱeme ya Rulete - 1996
Dzikhasino dza u thoma dza inthanethi dzi na rulete ya RNG.
Rulete ya Tshifhinga tsha Zwino na Rulete ya RNG - 2003–06
Rulete ya mukurupiye wa tshifhinga tsha zwino i phaḓaladzwa u bva kha situdio; Riga na Malta dzi vha zwikhala zwihulwane.
Rulete ya Tshifhinga tsha Zwino i Shuma Hani - 2004
Tshigwada tsha Ritz tshi kunda £1.3m nga u humbulela bola; leizara ye ya ambiwa a i wanali; a vha hwelwi mulandu.
U Tamba nga Mbuelo kha Rulete - 2005
Mulayo wa Vhugembuli wa Ingilane: ṋeo ya ḽaisentsi i fhelelaho ya vhugembuli ha kule.
Rulete kha ḽa UK - 2012
Small na Tse vha gandisa fiziksi ya u humbulela rulete.
Fiziki ya Vhili ḽa Rulete - 2013
New Jersey i thoma dzikhasino dza inthanethi dzo langwaho.
Rulete kha ḽa USA - 2016
Rulete ya ziro tharu kha Las Vegas Strip.
Rulete ya Ziro Tharu - 2018
Thivhelo ya muvhuso wa federala wa Amerika ya u vhea bete kha mitambo ya vhuḓimvumvusi i fheliswa; zwiṱirei zwi ita milayo.
- 2021
Dzhamani na Netherlands dzi ṋea ḽaisentsi ya mitambo ya khasino ya inthanethi.
Rulete kha ḽa Yurophu - 2026
Saithi iyi: maḓuvha oṱhe a re afho nṱha, na vhalo yao.
Mutaladzo muthihi wa ndeme
Kha maḓana a miṅwaha mavhili na hafu, tshikalo tsha rulete tsho shanduka luthihi tshi tshi thusa mutambi (1843, ziro nthihi yo bviswa) na luvhili tshi tshi mu lwa (goni kha miṅwaha ya vhu-1800, ziro tharu nga 2016). Zwiṅwe zwoṱhe, sisiṱeme, khomphiyutha, situdio, mavhone, zwo litsha vhalo henefho he Lablée a i wana: 36/n − 1 kha vhili ḽi re na buli ḽithihi u fhira nomboro iyo.
Mbudziso
Ḽa Pascal. Zwitenzhelo zwawe zwa vhili ndi zwa vhukuma; vhukwamani ha zwone na rulete ndi ngano ya sialala.
Kha ḓana ḽa vhu-19 ḽa miṅwaha; nzudzanyo ya Yurophu ine ya shumiswa ṋamusi yo vha i tshiṱandadi nga tshifhinga tsha Monte Carlo.
Khamusi ndi ḽa milayo. Vhili ḽo no fhela.
Zwa u sea
Maḓana a miṅwaha mavhili na hafu, khwiniso nthihi, u vhifha luvhili, ngano nnzhi.
Zwiko
- Schwartz, D. G. Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling.
- Kavanagh, T. M. Dice, Cards, Wheels: A Different History of French Culture.
- Bass, T. A. The Eudaemonic Pie.
- Thorp, E. O. “Optimal gambling systems for favorable games.”
- Chellel, K. “The Gambler Who Beat Roulette.”
- Shelley, R. Roulette Wheel Study.