Tsenguluso ya Zwipiḓa

Maitele

Khethekanyani vhili nga zwipiḓavhiliTshipiḓaMabuli a tevhekanaho kha vhili, a ita tshipiḓa tsha tshiṱuluwa, zwi fhambanaho na tshigwada kha mapa wa tafula.Vhalani zwoṱhe → zwi tevhekanaho, kanzhi zwipiḓa zwa rathi zwa mabulizwishumiswaBuliḼiṅwe ḽa mabuli a 37 o ṅwalwaho nomboro kha rotara. Ḽi dovha ḽa vhidzwa: slot, cup.Vhalani zwoṱhe → a rathi kana sumbe, ni tshi tevhela nzudzanyo ya vhili hu si mapa wa tafulazwishumiswaMapa wa tafulaGiridi ya bete yo gandiswaho kha tafula. U dovha wa vhidzwa: tafula, felt, cloth.Vhalani zwoṱhe →. Kha tshipiḓa tshiṅwe na tshiṅwe tsha mabuli a k, u wanala ho lavhelelwaho ndi n·k/37 nahone phambuwo ya tshiṱandadimathematikiPhambuwo ya tshiṱandadiMudzi wa tshikwea wa vhariantsi; tshikhala tsha ḓuvha ḽiṅwe na ḽiṅwe vhukati ha mvelelo na ndeme yo lavhelelwaho.Vhalani zwoṱhe → ndi √(n·p·(1−p)) hu na p = k/37. Vhalelani z = (zwo vhonwaho − zwo lavhelelwaho)/σ kha tshipiḓa tshiṅwe na tshiṅwe. Tshipiḓa tshi re nṱha ha +2 tshi fanela u sedzwa hafhu; nṱha ha +3, kha tsumbo mbili dzi ḓiimisaho, zwi a takadza.

Vhili ḽa Rulete

Ndi ngani zwipiḓa

Ndingo dza buli ḽithihi dzi na zwibuli zwa 37 zwa u ṋea mvelelo ya mazwifhi na tsumbo ṱhukhu kha tshiṅwe na tshiṅwe. Ndingo dza zwipiḓa dzi na zwibuli zwa rathi na tsumbo i ṱanganelaho kha mabuli a re tsini. Dzi dovha dza tendelana na fiziki: vhili ḽo kotamaho ḽi ita uri bolazwishumiswaBolaBola ṱhukhu ine ya poswa kha nḓila nga thungo yo fhambanaho na rotara. Bola dza ano maḓuvha dzi itwa nga ivorine kana Teflon, 18–21 mm.Vhalani zwoṱhe → i bve kha nḓila nga maanḓa kha thungo ya nṱha, zwine zwa tikedza tshipiḓa; tshikhaukanyizwishumiswaTshikhaukanyiTshikhaukanyi tsha tsimbi vhukati ha mabuli mavhili kha vhili.Vhalani zwoṱhe → tsho leluwaho kana tsho kotamaho tshi shandukisa u fhufha ha mabuli a re tsini natsho; nḓila ya bolazwishumiswaNḓila ya bolaMugero u re kha mukumbululo une bola ya tshimbila khawo i sa athu ṱavhanya hu tshi fhungudzea na u wela. Hu dovha ha vhidzwa: nḓila ya nṱha.Vhalani zwoṱhe → yo sinyalaho i ita fhethu ha u wa hu tikedzaho mabuli ana a re fhasi haho musi bola i tshi wa, zwine, musi luvhilo lwa rotarazwishumiswaRotaraTshipiḓa tsha vhili tshine tsha mona nahone tsho fara mabuli.Vhalani zwoṱhe → lu tshi shanduka zwiṱuku nga zwiṱuku, zwa phaḓalala kha tshipiḓa tshihulwane. A hu na na vhuthihi ha vhukhakhi uhu vhu tikedzaho buli ḽithihi ḽo ḓitikaho.

Ṱhavhanyo ya Rotara ya RuleteFiziki ya Vhili ḽa Rulete

Zwipiḓa zwi tshimbilaho

Mikano i sa shanduki i nga khethekanya tshipiḓa tshi fhisaho vhukati ha zwipiḓa zwivhili ya tshi fhungudza. Nḓila i engedzaho i tshimbidza fasiṱere ḽa mabuli a k u mona na vhili, i tshi vhalela z kha fhethu huṅwe na huṅwe ha 37, ya ṱoḓa tshivhalo tshihulwane. Tshivhalo tshihulwane kha zwivhalo zwa z zwa 37 zwi re na vhushaka musi vhili ḽi songo kheluwa kanzhi tshi vha tshi ṱoḓa u vha 2.2 u swika 2.5, ngauralo tshivhalo tshihulwane tsha fasiṱere ḽi tshimbilaho tshi re fhasi ha 2.5 ndi phambano dza khonadzeo, nahone mukano wa u ṱoḓa u sedza tshi vha nṱha nga u ralo, tshi ṱoḓaho u vha 3.5.

U bva kha tshipiḓa u ya kha bete

Arali tshipiḓa tsho khwaṱhisedzwa tshi tshi fhisa, bete i ḓisaho ndi vhahurabeteVhahuraNomboro na mabuli mavhili kha thungo iṅwe na iṅwe yayo kha vhili, zwipisi zwiṱanu zwa bete ya nomboro nthihi.Vhalani zwoṱhe → kha vhukati hatsho kana nzudzanyo yo vhewaho nga tshanḓa ya dzibete dza nomboro nthihibeteNomboro nthihiNomboro nthihi, i badela 35:1.Vhalani zwoṱhe → kha tshoṱhe. Ndingo ya u lifha ndi u wanala ha tshipiḓa u vhambedzwa na mbadelotsheledeMbadeloZwine bete yo kundaho ya humisa, zwi tshi ambiwa sa “X kha 1” nṱha ha tshelede ya bete i humiswaho.Vhalani zwoṱhe →: tshipiḓa tsha mabuli a rathi tshi fanela u wanala nga u fhira 6/36 = 16.7% ya tshifhinga (zwo vhonwaho, zwo dovholwaho) uri zwipisitsheledeTshipisiTshiga tshine tsha imela tshelede yo tiwaho, tshi vhewaho kha mapa wa tafula u vhea bete. Tshi dovha tsha vhidzwa: check.Vhalani zwoṱhe → zwa rathi zwa nomboro nthihi zwi swike kha vhuimo ha u lingana, u vhambedzwa na 16.2% ya vhili ḽi songo kheluwaho. Phambano ndi hafu ya phesenthe, ndi ngazwo u i khwaṱhisedza zwi tshi ṱoḓa mimono ya makumi a zwigidi.

Saizi ya Tsumbo

Tshisaukanyi

Tshisaukanyi tsha u kheluwa ha vhili kha ino saithi tshi ṱanganedza mutevhe wa mimono, tsha vhalela chi-square, nahone tsha sumbedza vhili sa mapa wa u fhisa na zwivhalo zwa z zwa zwipiḓa, tshi tshi shumisa u khethekanya ha afho nṱha sa ha u thoma. Tshi dovha tsha ṱanganyisa data yaṋu u sumbedza uri zwiṱatisiṱiki zwenezwo zwi vhonala hani musi vhili ḽi songo kheluwa, zwine zwa vha mushonga u ṱavhanyaho wa u vhona zwivhumbeo zwi siho.

Ndingo ya Chi-Square

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